The last of the troubadours, who survived the Albigensian Crusade and the wars that effectively destroyed the cultured Provençal society that had supported them. The wars, waged againmst the southerners by Pope Innocent III and the Northern French to stamp out the Albigensian heresy, destroyed the native poetic and musical growth also. Guiraut wrote that although song should be joyful, he was oppressed by sorrow and had come into the world too late. For some years after about 1260 he lived in Spain under the patronage of Alfonso X, and a letter of his to Alfonso, dealing with troubadours and jongleurs, still survives. He left a large number of songs, many with religious texts.